{ "@context": "http://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/context/v1/entityfacts.jsonld", "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/11873492X", "describedBy": { "valid": "2026-05-05T06:55:02Z", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "@id": "https://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/11873492X" }, "preferredName": "Nikolaj II., Russland, Zar", "surname": "Nikolaj II., Russland, Zar", "@type": "person", "titleOfNobility": [ "Zar" ], "variantName": [ "Nikolaus II., Russland, Zar", "Nicolaus II., Russland, Kaiser", "Nikolaj Aleksandrovic\u030c, Russland, Zar", "Nikolaus II., Russland, Kaiser", "Nikolaus Alexandrowitsch, Russland, Zar", "Nikolaj Aleksandrovitsj, Russland, Zar", "Nikolaj Aleksandrovic\u030c Romanov", "Nikolaj Aleksandrovitsj Romanov", "Nikolaj II., Rossija, Car'", "Nikolaj II., Russland, Kaiser", "Nicholas, Emperor of Russia, II", "Nikolaj II., Rossija, Imperator", "Nikolaj II.", "Niqolaj, Rossija, C\u030car, II.", "Nikolaj Romanov, II.", "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0458 II \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447", "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0438\u0306 II", "\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0438\u0306 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432", "\u041c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 II" ], "dateOfBirth": "May 18, 1868", "dateOfDeath": "July 17, 1918", "placeOfBirth": [ { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/5181576-X", "preferredName": "Zarskoje Selo" } ], "placeOfDeath": [ { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4294585-9", "preferredName": "Jekaterinburg" } ], "placeOfActivity": [ { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4267026-3", "preferredName": "Sankt Petersburg" } ], "associatedCountry": [ { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-RU", "preferredName": "Russland" } ], "gender": { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gender#male", "label": "Mann" }, "biographicalOrHistoricalInformation": "1894-1917 Zar, Vertreter des Gottesgnadentums und autokratischer Alleinherrscher, dadurch Verursacher der Russischen Revolutionen von 1905 und 1917; 1904 verantwortlich fu\u0308r den Russisch-Japanischen Krieg; 1914 Befehl zur russischen Generalmobilmachung, die den Ersten Weltkrieg einleitete; 1915-1917 als Oberbefehlshaber zumeist an der Front, 1917 Abdankung; 1918 von Rotgardisten ermordet", "familialRelationship": [ { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118647997", "relationship": "Vater", "preferredName": "Aleksandr III., Russland, Zar" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/119102757", "relationship": "Mutter", "preferredName": "Maria, Russland, Zarin" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1230446850", "relationship": "Bruder", "preferredName": "Georgi Alexandrowitsch, Russland, Gro\u00dffu\u0308rst" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/121113906", "relationship": "Bruder", "preferredName": "Michael, Russland, Gro\u00dffu\u0308rst" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118648047", "relationship": "Ehefrau", "preferredName": "Alexandra, Russland, Zarin" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1025433955", "relationship": "Tochter", "preferredName": "Olga, Russland, Gro\u00dffu\u0308rstin" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1025434498", "relationship": "Tochter", "preferredName": "Tatjana, Russland, Gro\u00dffu\u0308rstin" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1025434617", "relationship": "Tochter", "preferredName": "Maria, Russland, Gro\u00dffu\u0308rstin" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1025434757", "relationship": "Tochter", "preferredName": "Anastasia, Russland, Gro\u00dffu\u0308rstin" }, { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/119135353", "relationship": "Sohn", "preferredName": "Aleksei, Russland, Zarewitsch, 1904-1918" } ], "depiction": { "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolas%20II%20de%20russie.jpg", "publisher": "Wikimedia Commons", "copyrighted": "false", "creator": [ "Boissonnas & Eggler" ], "creditText": [ "Gettyimages http://avaxnews.net/educative/Last_Emperor_Of_Russia_2.html http://process.portsmouthpeacetreaty.org/process/causes/causes3.html" ], "license": [ { "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/", "abbr": "PD", "name": "Public Domain", "attributionRequired": "false", "restrictions": "" } ], "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicolas%20II%20de%20russie.jpg?uselang=en", "thumbnail": { "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nicolas%20II%20de%20russie.jpg?width=270" } }, "sameAs": [ { "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/11873492X/about", "collection": { "abbr": "DNB", "name": "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek", "publisher": "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek", "icon": "https://www.dnb.de/SiteGlobals/Frontend/DNBWeb/Images/favicon.png?__blob=normal&v=4" } }, { "@id": "https://www.filmportal.de/12D6215D4C6A4431AE76AF35530C26E0", "collection": { "abbr": "filmportal.de", "name": "Filmportal", "publisher": "Deutsches Filminstitut", "icon": "https://www.filmportal.de/themes/custom/filmportal/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11950255q", "collection": { "abbr": "BNF", "name": "Bibliothe\u0300que nationale de France", "publisher": "Bibliothe\u0300que nationale de France", "icon": "https://www.bnf.fr/themes/custom/bnfsi/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus_II._%28Russland%29", "collection": { "abbr": "dewiki", "name": "Wikipedia (Deutsch)", "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.", "icon": "https://de.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II", "collection": { "abbr": "enwiki", "name": "Wikipedia (English)", "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.", "icon": "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/gnd/11873492X", "collection": { "abbr": "DE-611", "name": "Kalliope Verbundkatalog", "publisher": "Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz", "icon": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/img/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/person/gnd/11873492X", "collection": { "abbr": "ARCHIV-D", "name": "Archivportal-D", "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek", "icon": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11873492X", "collection": { "abbr": "DDB", "name": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek", "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek", "icon": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://www.herder-institut.de/bildkatalog/gnd/11873492X", "collection": { "abbr": "ba-herder", "name": "Bildarchiv / Herder-Institut", "publisher": "Herder-Institut f\u00fcr historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung \u2013 Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft", "icon": "https://www.herder-institut.de/themes/custom/herder-institut/images/favicons/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://www.pacelli-edition.de/gnd/11873492X", "collection": { "abbr": "PACELLI", "name": "Kritische Online-Edition der Nuntiaturberichte Eugenio Pacellis (1917-1929)", "publisher": "Kritische Online-Edition der Nuntiaturberichte Eugenio Pacellis (1917-1929)" } }, { "@id": "http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n79065459", "collection": { "abbr": "LC", "name": "NACO Authority File", "publisher": "Library of Congress", "icon": "https://www.loc.gov/favicon.ico" } }, { "@id": "http://viaf.org/viaf/34465066", "collection": { "abbr": "VIAF", "name": "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)", "publisher": "OCLC", "icon": "https://viaf.org/viaf/images/viaf.ico" } }, { "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q40787", "collection": { "abbr": "WIKIDATA", "name": "Wikidata", "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.", "icon": "https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico" } }, { "@id": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121272687", "collection": { "abbr": "ISNI", "name": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)", "publisher": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)", "icon": "https://www.isni.org/sites/default/files/isni_new_favicon.ico" } } ] }