{
  "@context": "http://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/context/v1/entityfacts.jsonld",
  "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118575503",
  "describedBy": {
    "valid": "2026-06-07T10:34:58Z",
    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
    "@id": "https://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/118575503"
  },
  "preferredName": "Rosa Luxemburg",
  "surname": "Luxemburg",
  "forename": "Rosa",
  "@type": "person",
  "academicDegree": [
    "Dr. iuris publici et rerum cameralium"
  ],
  "earlierName": [
    "Rozalia Luksenburg"
  ],
  "laterName": [
    "Rosa Lu\u0308beck"
  ],
  "variantName": [
    "Ro\u0301z\u0307a Luksemburg",
    "R. Lu\u0302ksembu\u0302rg",
    "Roza Luxempurnk",
    "Ro\u0301za Luksemburg",
    "Roza Liuksemburg",
    "Rozah Luk\u0323semburg",
    "Rosa Luxemburgo",
    "Rosa Luxembourg",
    "Roza Louxempournk",
    "Roja Luksemburuku\u0300",
    "Roza Rukusenburugu",
    "Ro\u0304za Rukusenburuku",
    "Ruza Lukzamburg",
    "Roza Ljuksemburg",
    "Ru\u0304za\u0304 Lu\u0304kza\u0304mburg",
    "Luosa",
    "\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433",
    "\u7f85\u85a9",
    "\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c"
  ],
  "pseudonym": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1054877696",
      "preferredName": "Jo\u0301zef Chmura"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1054791333",
      "preferredName": "Junius"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1054877521",
      "preferredName": "Rosalie"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1219248290",
      "preferredName": "Anna Matschke"
    }
  ],
  "dateOfBirth": "March 5, 1871",
  "dateOfDeath": "January 15, 1919",
  "placeOfBirth": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4248619-1",
      "preferredName": "Zamos\u0301c\u0301"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfDeath": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4005728-8",
      "preferredName": "Berlin"
    }
  ],
  "associatedCountry": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-PL",
      "preferredName": "Polen"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-CH",
      "preferredName": "Schweiz"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-DE",
      "preferredName": "Deutschland"
    }
  ],
  "professionOrOccupation": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4175019-6",
      "preferredName": "Politikerin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/7547777-4",
      "preferredName": "Volkswirtin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4181965-2",
      "preferredName": "Sozialistin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4381669-1",
      "preferredName": "Publizistin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4352068-6",
      "preferredName": "Redakteurin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4365294-3",
      "preferredName": "Dozentin"
    }
  ],
  "gender": {
    "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gender#female",
    "label": "Frau"
  },
  "biographicalOrHistoricalInformation": "Ju\u0308disch-bildungsbu\u0308rgerliche Erziehung in Warschau, 1889 Emigration in die Schweiz und Studium der Nationalo\u0308konomie in Zu\u0308rich, 1893 Teilnahme und fu\u0308hrende Rolle beim ersten illegalen Kongress der sozialdemokratischen Arbeiterpartei des Ko\u0308nigreichs Polen, 1897 Dr. oec. publ., 1898 U\u0308bersiedlung als politische Journalistin nach Berlin, Eintritt in die SPD und Vorka\u0308mpferin eines proletarisch-revolutiona\u0308ren Internationalismus sowie Gegnerin des Nationalismus, Militarismus und Imperialismus, 1915-1918 fast ununterbrochene Inhaftierung, 1915 Autorin der \"Junius-Broschu\u0308re\" als Abrechnung mit der Burgfriedenspolitik der SPD, 1916 gemeinsam mit Karl Liebknecht Herausgabe der \"Spartakusbriefe\", 1918 Redakteurin der \"Roten Fahne\", 1919 Mitgru\u0308nderin der KPD und nach dem Januaraufstand der Spartakisten in Berlin gemeinsam mit Karl Liebknecht erschossen",
  "affiliation": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/2022139-3",
      "preferredName": "Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/2016052-5",
      "preferredName": "Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Deutsches Reich)"
    }
  ],
  "relatedPerson": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118712276",
      "relationship": "Freund",
      "preferredName": "Leo Jogiches"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118556290",
      "relationship": "Freundin",
      "preferredName": "Mathilde Jacob"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/136841821",
      "relationship": "Freund",
      "preferredName": "Hans Diefenbach"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/125000243",
      "relationship": "Freund, Geliebter",
      "preferredName": "Konstantin Zetkin"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118572318",
      "relationship": "Freund",
      "preferredName": "Paul Levi"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1212370961",
      "preferredName": "Luxemburg, Familie : 19./20. Jh."
    }
  ],
  "depiction": {
    "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rosa%20Luxemburg.jpg",
    "publisher": "Wikimedia Commons",
    "copyrighted": "false",
    "creator": [
      "Unknown authorUnknown author"
    ],
    "creditText": [
      "Appeal to support the publication of \u2018The Complete Works of Rosa Luxemburg\u2019 in English"
    ],
    "license": [
      {
        "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/",
        "abbr": "PD",
        "name": "Public Domain",
        "attributionRequired": "false",
        "restrictions": ""
      }
    ],
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rosa%20Luxemburg.jpg?uselang=en",
    "thumbnail": {
      "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rosa%20Luxemburg.jpg?width=270"
    }
  },
  "sameAs": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118575503/about",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DNB",
        "name": "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.dnb.de/SiteGlobals/Frontend/DNBWeb/Images/favicon.png?__blob=normal&v=4"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D28444.php",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "CH_HLS",
        "name": "Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)",
        "publisher": "Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)",
        "icon": "https://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://data.judaicalink.org/data/gnd/118575503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "JudaicaLink",
        "name": "JudaicaLink",
        "publisher": "Stuttgart Media University",
        "icon": "https://data.judaicalink.org/static/img/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "dewiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (Deutsch)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://de.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKISOURCE",
        "name": "Wikisource",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://wikisource.org/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "enwiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://frankfurter-personenlexikon.de/beacon/beacon.php?118575503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "FFMPL",
        "name": "Frankfurter Personenlexikon",
        "publisher": "Frankfurter Bu\u0308rgerstiftung im Holzhausenschlo\u0308sschen"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/gnd/118575503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DE-611",
        "name": "Kalliope Verbundkatalog",
        "publisher": "Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz",
        "icon": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/img/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/person/gnd/118575503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ARCHIV-D",
        "name": "Archivportal-D",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118575503.html#ndbcontent",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "NDB",
        "name": "Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)",
        "publisher": "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118575503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DDB",
        "name": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.pacelli-edition.de/gnd/118575503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "PACELLI",
        "name": "Kritische Online-Edition der Nuntiaturberichte Eugenio Pacellis (1917-1929)",
        "publisher": "Kritische Online-Edition der Nuntiaturberichte Eugenio Pacellis (1917-1929)"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n80033941",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "LC",
        "name": "NACO Authority File",
        "publisher": "Library of Congress",
        "icon": "https://www.loc.gov/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://viaf.org/viaf/51749376",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "VIAF",
        "name": "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)",
        "publisher": "OCLC",
        "icon": "https://viaf.org/viaf/images/viaf.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7231",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKIDATA",
        "name": "Wikidata",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000083820354",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ISNI",
        "name": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "publisher": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "icon": "https://www.isni.org/sites/default/files/isni_new_favicon.ico"
      }
    }
  ]
}