{
  "@context": "http://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/context/v1/entityfacts.jsonld",
  "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118561448",
  "describedBy": {
    "valid": "2026-04-28T11:25:38Z",
    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
    "@id": "https://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/118561448"
  },
  "preferredName": "Johannes Kepler",
  "surname": "Kepler",
  "forename": "Johannes",
  "@type": "person",
  "academicDegree": [
    "Prof."
  ],
  "variantName": [
    "J. Kepler",
    "Johan Kepler",
    "Johann Kepler",
    "Ioannes Keppler",
    "Joannes Keppler",
    "Johannes Kebler",
    "Joannes Keplerus",
    "Johan Keppler",
    "Johannes Keppler",
    "Johannes Kepplern",
    "Johan Kheppler",
    "Johannes Kheppler",
    "Johannes Khepplern",
    "I.K.",
    "I. K.",
    "Johannes Kheplerus",
    "Giovanni Keplero",
    "Johann Kheppler",
    "Johannes Kepplerus",
    "Ioannes Kepler",
    "Jan Kepler",
    "Johannes Keplerus",
    "Joannes Kepplerus",
    "Johann Keppler",
    "Ioannes Keplerus",
    "Ioannes Kepplerus",
    "Jean Kepler",
    "Joh. Kepplerus"
  ],
  "pseudonym": [
    {
      "preferredName": "Kleopas Herennius"
    },
    {
      "preferredName": "Phalaris von Nee-sek"
    },
    {
      "preferredName": "Phalaris, von Nee-sek"
    },
    {
      "preferredName": "Helenor Kapuensis"
    },
    {
      "preferredName": "Helenor, Kapuensis"
    }
  ],
  "dateOfBirth": "December 27, 1571",
  "dateOfDeath": "November 15, 1630",
  "placeOfBirth": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4065086-8",
      "preferredName": "Weil der Stadt"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfDeath": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4048989-9",
      "preferredName": "Regensburg"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfActivity": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061147-4",
      "preferredName": "Tu\u0308bingen"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021912-4",
      "preferredName": "Graz"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076310-9",
      "preferredName": "Prag"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4074255-6",
      "preferredName": "Linz"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4234600-9",
      "preferredName": "Sagan"
    }
  ],
  "associatedCountry": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-DE",
      "preferredName": "Deutschland"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-AT",
      "preferredName": "\u00d6sterreich"
    }
  ],
  "professionOrOccupation": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4003310-7",
      "preferredName": "Astronom"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4037945-0",
      "preferredName": "Mathematiker"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4415075-1",
      "preferredName": "Astrologe"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045790-4",
      "preferredName": "Philosoph"
    }
  ],
  "gender": {
    "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gender#male",
    "label": "Mann"
  },
  "biographicalOrHistoricalInformation": "Deutscher Astronom und Mathematiker",
  "relatedPerson": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1080939385",
      "preferredName": "Kepler, Familie : 1500-"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118514237",
      "preferredName": "Tycho Brahe"
    },
    {
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Erhard Cell"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/123683521",
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Zacharias Scha\u0308ffer"
    },
    {
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Georg Achatius Enenckel"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/119690667",
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Johannes Philipp Grauer"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/121200574",
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Wolfgang Hohenfelder"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/119223473",
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Christoph Besold"
    },
    {
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Achilles Pirminius Gasser"
    },
    {
      "preferredName": "Markus Kellenreitter"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/116236574",
      "relationship": "VD-16 Mitverf.",
      "preferredName": "Ulrich Bollinger"
    }
  ],
  "familialRelationship": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118721887",
      "relationship": "Mutter",
      "preferredName": "Katharina Kepler"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1041953968",
      "relationship": "Schwester",
      "preferredName": "Margarethe Maickler"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/124559662",
      "relationship": "Sohn",
      "preferredName": "Ludwig Kepler"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/117077704",
      "preferredName": "Johannes Oberndorffer"
    }
  ],
  "depiction": {
    "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Kepler%20by%20Hans%20von%20Aachen.jpg",
    "publisher": "Wikimedia Commons",
    "copyrighted": "false",
    "creator": [
      "Hans von Aachen"
    ],
    "creditText": [
      "www.kepler-gesellschaft.de&nbsp;: Home&nbsp;: Info&nbsp;: Pic"
    ],
    "license": [
      {
        "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/",
        "abbr": "PD",
        "name": "Public Domain",
        "attributionRequired": "false",
        "restrictions": ""
      }
    ],
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johannes%20Kepler%20by%20Hans%20von%20Aachen.jpg?uselang=en",
    "thumbnail": {
      "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes%20Kepler%20by%20Hans%20von%20Aachen.jpg?width=270"
    }
  },
  "sameAs": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118561448/about",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DNB",
        "name": "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.dnb.de/SiteGlobals/Frontend/DNBWeb/Images/favicon.png?__blob=normal&v=4"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11909597m",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "BNF",
        "name": "Bibliothe\u0300que nationale de France",
        "publisher": "Bibliothe\u0300que nationale de France",
        "icon": "https://www.bnf.fr/themes/custom/bnfsi/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://bmlo.de/Q/GND=118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DE-M512",
        "name": "Bayerisches Musiker-Lexikon Online",
        "publisher": "Bayerisches Musiker-Lexikon Online",
        "icon": "https://bmlo.de/x/pic/favicon.gif"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "dewiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (Deutsch)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://de.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKISOURCE",
        "name": "Wikisource",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://wikisource.org/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "enwiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://kaiserhof.geschichte.lmu.de/Q/GND=118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "KH",
        "name": "Kaiser und H\u00f6fe",
        "publisher": "Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen - Historisches Seminar - Fr\u00fche Neuzeit",
        "icon": "https://kaiserhof.geschichte.lmu.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/gnd/118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DE-611",
        "name": "Kalliope Verbundkatalog",
        "publisher": "Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz",
        "icon": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/img/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1530_nn;42",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1583_dieterich;25",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1596_wicken;162",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1601_bernegger;26",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1601_filiczki;34",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1604_olai;61",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1606_bommeister;231",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1609_meier;115",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1611_medinger;186",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1619_lansius;10",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1619_stahel;24",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1624_schmoll;27",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1625_nn1;1",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1629_pehrisch;58",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/person/gnd/118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ARCHIV-D",
        "name": "Archivportal-D",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118561448.html#adbcontent",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ADB",
        "name": "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB)",
        "publisher": "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118561448.html#ndbcontent",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "NDB",
        "name": "Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)",
        "publisher": "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DDB",
        "name": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.herder-institut.de/bildkatalog/gnd/118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ba-herder",
        "name": "Bildarchiv / Herder-Institut",
        "publisher": "Herder-Institut f\u00fcr historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung \u2013 Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft",
        "icon": "https://www.herder-institut.de/themes/custom/herder-institut/images/favicons/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.portraitindex.de/dokumente/pnd/118561448",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "Portraitindex",
        "name": "Digitaler Portraitindex der druckgraphischen Bildnisse der Fru\u0308hen Neuzeit",
        "publisher": "Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte - Bildarchiv Foto Marburg",
        "icon": "https://www.portraitindex.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n50044770",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "LC",
        "name": "NACO Authority File",
        "publisher": "Library of Congress",
        "icon": "https://www.loc.gov/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://viaf.org/viaf/41842150",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "VIAF",
        "name": "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)",
        "publisher": "OCLC",
        "icon": "https://viaf.org/viaf/images/viaf.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8963",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKIDATA",
        "name": "Wikidata",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121008552",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ISNI",
        "name": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "publisher": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "icon": "https://www.isni.org/sites/default/files/isni_new_favicon.ico"
      }
    }
  ]
}