{
  "@context": "http://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/context/v1/entityfacts.jsonld",
  "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118554654",
  "describedBy": {
    "valid": "2026-05-10T18:25:25Z",
    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
    "@id": "https://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/118554654"
  },
  "preferredName": "Victor Hugo",
  "surname": "Hugo",
  "forename": "Victor",
  "@type": "person",
  "titleOfNobility": [
    "Graf"
  ],
  "completeName": [
    "Victor-Marie Hugo"
  ],
  "variantName": [
    "Victor Marie Hugo",
    "Yuguo",
    "Weikeduo Yuguo",
    "Hugo",
    "Viktor Gig\u0307o\u0301",
    "Viktor Hjuho",
    "Vicktor Hugo",
    "Bikto\u0304r Ugko\u0304",
    "Bikto\u0304r Hugo",
    "Vik\u0323tor Hu\u0308\u03b3o",
    "Vik\u2019tur Iuyi\u03b3u",
    "Hu\u0308\u03b3o",
    "Vik\u0323tur Hu\u0308\u03b3u",
    "Vichto Huygo\u0302",
    "Wiktor Hiyugo",
    "Vigt'or Hiwko",
    "Viktar Yugo",
    "Viktar Yu\u0304go\u0304",
    "Franc\u0327ois-Victor Hugo",
    "Vikt\u0323ar Hiyugo\u0304",
    "Yugo\u0304",
    "Victor-Marie Hugo",
    "Victor Maria Hugo",
    "Victor M. Hugo",
    "Vittor Hugo",
    "Victor Marie Huog",
    "Viktor Gjugo",
    "V. Gjugo",
    "Wiktor Hugo",
    "Viktor Igo",
    "Viktor Hugo",
    "Fi\u0304ktu\u0304r Hi\u0304g\u030cu",
    "Vikuto\u0304ru Mari\u0304 Yugo\u0304",
    "Victor Marie Hugo, comte",
    "V\u0323ik\u0323t\u0323or Hugo",
    "Viktor Hu\u0304go",
    "Victor Marie Hugo",
    "Wiktor Khjugo",
    "\u110b\u116f\u11a8\u1104\u1169\u1105\u1173 \u110b\u1172\u1100\u1169",
    "\u110b\u116f\u11a8\u1104\u1169\u1105\u1173 \u110b\u1172\u1100\u1169",
    "\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0425\u044e\u0433\u043e",
    "\u7ef4\u514b\u591a \u96e8\u679c",
    "\u30a6\u3099\u30a3\u30af\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30ea\u2500 \u30e6\u30b3\u3099\u30fc",
    "\u30d2\u3099\u30af\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u30fb\u30de\u30ea\u2500 \u30e6\u30b3\u3099\u30fc",
    "\u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d8\u05d5\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d5\u05d2\u05d0",
    "\u96e8\u679c",
    "\u0e27\u0e34\u0e04\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c \u0e2e\u0e39\u0e42\u0e01",
    "\u0647\u0648\u06af\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631"
  ],
  "dateOfBirth": "February 26, 1802",
  "dateOfDeath": "May 22, 1885",
  "placeOfBirth": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4005972-8",
      "preferredName": "Besanc\u0327on"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfDeath": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044660-8",
      "preferredName": "Paris"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfActivity": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044660-8",
      "preferredName": "Paris"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4008460-7",
      "preferredName": "Bru\u0308ssel"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4022467-3",
      "preferredName": "Guernsey"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028585-6",
      "preferredName": "Jersey"
    }
  ],
  "associatedCountry": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-FR",
      "preferredName": "Frankreich"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-BE",
      "preferredName": "Belgien"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-GB",
      "preferredName": "Gro\u00dfbritannien"
    }
  ],
  "professionOrOccupation": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4053309-8",
      "preferredName": "Schriftsteller"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4168391-2",
      "preferredName": "Lyriker"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4140241-8",
      "preferredName": "Dramatiker"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4124076-5",
      "preferredName": "Romancier"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4176310-5",
      "preferredName": "Publizist"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4125173-8",
      "preferredName": "Grafiker"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4200345-3",
      "preferredName": "Zeichner"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4000135-0",
      "preferredName": "Abgeordneter"
    }
  ],
  "gender": {
    "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gender#male",
    "label": "Mann"
  },
  "biographicalOrHistoricalInformation": "Franzo\u0308sischer Dichter, Abgeordneter der Pariser Nationalversammlung; lebte 1851-1870 aus politischen Gru\u0308nden im Exil in Belgien, auf Jersey und Guernsey; trat 1871 fu\u0308r die Begnadigung der Ka\u0308mpfer der Pariser Kommune ein",
  "relatedPerson": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/120013223",
      "relationship": "Muse",
      "preferredName": "Juliette Drouet"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118814249",
      "relationship": "Freund",
      "preferredName": "Charles Henri Valentin Alkan"
    }
  ],
  "familialRelationship": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/115350004",
      "relationship": "Vater",
      "preferredName": "Joseph Le\u0301opold Sigisbert Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/119340380",
      "relationship": "Mutter",
      "preferredName": "Sophie Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/121498417",
      "relationship": "Bruder",
      "preferredName": "Abel Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/130632880",
      "relationship": "Bruder",
      "preferredName": "Euge\u0300ne Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1019741201",
      "relationship": "Ehefrau",
      "preferredName": "Ade\u0300le Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/11753952X",
      "relationship": "Sohn",
      "preferredName": "Charles-Victor Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/121221059",
      "relationship": "Sohn",
      "preferredName": "Franc\u0327ois Victor Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118839527",
      "relationship": "Tochter",
      "preferredName": "Ade\u0300le Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/136206115",
      "relationship": "Tochter",
      "preferredName": "Le\u0301opoldine Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/140001913",
      "relationship": "Enkel",
      "preferredName": "Georges-Victor Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/139481427",
      "relationship": "Enkelin",
      "preferredName": "Jeanne Hugo"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/119249545",
      "relationship": "Urenkel",
      "preferredName": "Jean Hugo"
    }
  ],
  "depiction": {
    "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Victor%20Hugo%20by%20%C3%89tienne%20Carjat%201876%20-%20full.jpg",
    "publisher": "Wikimedia Commons",
    "copyrighted": "false",
    "creator": [
      "\u00c9tienne Carjat"
    ],
    "creditText": [
      "Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France"
    ],
    "license": [
      {
        "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/",
        "abbr": "PD",
        "name": "Public Domain",
        "attributionRequired": "false",
        "restrictions": ""
      }
    ],
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victor%20Hugo%20by%20%C3%89tienne%20Carjat%201876%20-%20full.jpg?uselang=en",
    "thumbnail": {
      "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Victor%20Hugo%20by%20%C3%89tienne%20Carjat%201876%20-%20full.jpg?width=270"
    }
  },
  "sameAs": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/118554654/about",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DNB",
        "name": "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.dnb.de/SiteGlobals/Frontend/DNBWeb/Images/favicon.png?__blob=normal&v=4"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121200982",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ISNI",
        "name": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "publisher": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "icon": "https://www.isni.org/sites/default/files/isni_new_favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.filmportal.de/523CC573BE0744F6A8492851CB8FA73D",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "filmportal.de",
        "name": "Filmportal",
        "publisher": "Deutsches Filminstitut",
        "icon": "https://www.filmportal.de/themes/custom/filmportal/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D11461.php",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "CH_HLS",
        "name": "Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)",
        "publisher": "Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)",
        "icon": "https://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://data.judaicalink.org/data/gnd/118554654",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "JudaicaLink",
        "name": "JudaicaLink",
        "publisher": "Stuttgart Media University",
        "icon": "https://data.judaicalink.org/static/img/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "dewiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (Deutsch)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://de.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKISOURCE",
        "name": "Wikisource",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://wikisource.org/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Hugo",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "enwiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://frankfurter-personenlexikon.de/beacon/beacon.php?118554654",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "FFMPL",
        "name": "Frankfurter Personenlexikon",
        "publisher": "Frankfurter Bu\u0308rgerstiftung im Holzhausenschlo\u0308sschen"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/gnd/118554654",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DE-611",
        "name": "Kalliope Verbundkatalog",
        "publisher": "Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz",
        "icon": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/img/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/person/gnd/118554654",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ARCHIV-D",
        "name": "Archivportal-D",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118554654",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DDB",
        "name": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.portraitindex.de/dokumente/pnd/118554654",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "Portraitindex",
        "name": "Digitaler Portraitindex der druckgraphischen Bildnisse der Fru\u0308hen Neuzeit",
        "publisher": "Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte - Bildarchiv Foto Marburg",
        "icon": "https://www.portraitindex.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n79091479",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "LC",
        "name": "NACO Authority File",
        "publisher": "Library of Congress",
        "icon": "https://www.loc.gov/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://viaf.org/viaf/9847974",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "VIAF",
        "name": "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)",
        "publisher": "OCLC",
        "icon": "https://viaf.org/viaf/images/viaf.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q535",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKIDATA",
        "name": "Wikidata",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121200982",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ISNI",
        "name": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "publisher": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "icon": "https://www.isni.org/sites/default/files/isni_new_favicon.ico"
      }
    }
  ]
}