{
  "@context": "http://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/context/v1/entityfacts.jsonld",
  "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/116208503",
  "describedBy": {
    "valid": "2026-06-27T10:36:35Z",
    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
    "@id": "https://hub.culturegraph.org/entityfacts/116208503"
  },
  "preferredName": "Johann Friedrich Blumenbach",
  "surname": "Blumenbach",
  "forename": "Johann Friedrich",
  "@type": "person",
  "academicDegree": [
    "Prof. Dr. med."
  ],
  "variantName": [
    "Johann Friederich Blumenbach",
    "Johannes Friedrich Blumenbach",
    "Johannes Fridericus Blumenbach",
    "Johannes Fredericus Blumenbach",
    "Johannes Frederik Blumenbach",
    "Johannes F. Blumenbach",
    "Johann F. Blumenbach",
    "Johann Blumenbach",
    "Joh. Fridr. Blumenbach",
    "Joh. Frid. Blumenbach",
    "Joh. Fr. Blumenbach",
    "Joannes Friedericus Blumenbach",
    "Joannes Fridericus Blumenbach",
    "Joannes Frid. Blumenbach",
    "John Frederick Blumenbach",
    "Jo. Fred. Blumenbach",
    "J. Fr. Blumenbach",
    "J. F. Blumenbach",
    "Jog. G. Blumenbach",
    "I\u0304og. Fridr. Blumenbach",
    "Ioannes Fridericus Blumenbach",
    "Io. Frid. Blumenbach",
    "Blumenbach",
    "Johannes Friedrich Blumenbachius",
    "Johannes Fridercus Blumenbachius",
    "Johannes Fridericus Blumenbachius",
    "Johann Friedrich Blumenbachius",
    "Joannes Fridericus Blumenbachius",
    "Ioannes Fridericus Blumenbachius",
    "Jo. Frid. Blumenbachius",
    "Io. Fr. Blumenbachius",
    "Jo. Frid. Blvmenbachivs"
  ],
  "dateOfBirth": "May 11, 1752",
  "dateOfDeath": "January 22, 1840",
  "placeOfBirth": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021652-4",
      "preferredName": "Gotha"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfDeath": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021477-1",
      "preferredName": "Go\u0308ttingen"
    }
  ],
  "placeOfActivity": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4021477-1",
      "preferredName": "Go\u0308ttingen"
    }
  ],
  "associatedCountry": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-DE",
      "preferredName": "Deutschland"
    }
  ],
  "professionOrOccupation": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4003157-3",
      "preferredName": "Arzt"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4398977-9",
      "preferredName": "Zoologe"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4277277-1",
      "preferredName": "Pala\u0308ontologe"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4142642-3",
      "preferredName": "Anthropologe"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025243-7",
      "preferredName": "Hochschullehrer"
    }
  ],
  "gender": {
    "@id": "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gender#male",
    "label": "Mann"
  },
  "affiliation": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/2024315-7",
      "preferredName": "Georg-August-Universita\u0308t Go\u0308ttingen"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/35671-2",
      "preferredName": "Kaiserlich Leopoldinisch-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher"
    }
  ],
  "familialRelationship": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/102850380",
      "relationship": "Vater",
      "preferredName": "Heinrich Blumenbach"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/1080315322",
      "relationship": "Mutter",
      "preferredName": "Charlotte Eleonore Hedwig Blumenbach"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/11620852X",
      "relationship": "Ehefrau",
      "preferredName": "Louise Amalie Blumenbach"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/11620849X",
      "relationship": "Sohn",
      "preferredName": "Georg Heinrich Wilhelm Blumenbach"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/117085286",
      "relationship": "Tochter",
      "preferredName": "Emma Marie Hedwig Jasmund"
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/116208465",
      "relationship": "Tochter",
      "preferredName": "Adele Blumenbach"
    }
  ],
  "depiction": {
    "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Friedrich%20Blumenbach.jpeg",
    "publisher": "Wikimedia Commons",
    "copyrighted": "false",
    "creator": [
      "Attributed to Hugo B\u00fcrkner"
    ],
    "creditText": [
      "Zweihundert Bildnisse und Lebensabrisse ber\u00fchmter deutscher M\u00e4nner, 3rd ed., Leipzig 1870, editor Ludwig Bechstein (Google Books );already present in first edition (1854): Google Books"
    ],
    "license": [
      {
        "@id": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/",
        "abbr": "PD",
        "name": "Public Domain",
        "attributionRequired": "false",
        "restrictions": ""
      }
    ],
    "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johann%20Friedrich%20Blumenbach.jpeg?uselang=en",
    "thumbnail": {
      "@id": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johann%20Friedrich%20Blumenbach.jpeg?width=270"
    }
  },
  "sameAs": [
    {
      "@id": "https://d-nb.info/gnd/116208503/about",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DNB",
        "name": "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.dnb.de/SiteGlobals/Frontend/DNBWeb/Images/favicon.png?__blob=normal&v=4"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "dewiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (Deutsch)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://de.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKISOURCE",
        "name": "Wikisource",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://wikisource.org/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "enwiki",
        "name": "Wikipedia (English)",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/gnd/116208503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DE-611",
        "name": "Kalliope Verbundkatalog",
        "publisher": "Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz",
        "icon": "https://kalliope-verbund.info/img/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://raa.gf-franken.de/de/suche-nach-stammbucheintraegen.html?permaLink=1775_nn.eutin;10",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "RAAE",
        "name": "Repertorium Alborum Amicorum (RAA) - Stammbucheintr\u00e4ge",
        "publisher": "Department Germanistik und Komparatistik der Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Familienforschung in Franken",
        "icon": "https://www.gf-franken.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/person/gnd/116208503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ARCHIV-D",
        "name": "Archivportal-D",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.archivportal-d.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116208503.html#adbcontent",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ADB",
        "name": "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB)",
        "publisher": "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116208503.html#ndbcontent",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "NDB",
        "name": "Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)",
        "publisher": "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/116208503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "DDB",
        "name": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "publisher": "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
        "icon": "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.portraitindex.de/dokumente/pnd/116208503",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "Portraitindex",
        "name": "Digitaler Portraitindex der druckgraphischen Bildnisse der Fru\u0308hen Neuzeit",
        "publisher": "Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte - Bildarchiv Foto Marburg",
        "icon": "https://www.portraitindex.de/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n84027133",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "LC",
        "name": "NACO Authority File",
        "publisher": "Library of Congress",
        "icon": "https://www.loc.gov/favicon.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://viaf.org/viaf/71570755",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "VIAF",
        "name": "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)",
        "publisher": "OCLC",
        "icon": "https://viaf.org/viaf/images/viaf.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58588",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "WIKIDATA",
        "name": "Wikidata",
        "publisher": "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
        "icon": "https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://isni.org/isni/0000000121389586",
      "collection": {
        "abbr": "ISNI",
        "name": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "publisher": "International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI)",
        "icon": "https://www.isni.org/sites/default/files/isni_new_favicon.ico"
      }
    }
  ]
}